When I started using a Raspberry Pi, picking the operating system was straightforward. There were only three versions available: Lite, Desktop, and Full. Now, when you go to the official website or open Raspberry Pi Imager, even more versions are listed. How do you pick the right one for you?
The recommended Raspberry Pi OS version is Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm (64-bit). It includes a desktop environment and a few essential applications. It works on most newer Raspberry Pi models.
But why are there so many choices? In this article, I’ll explain and answer all your questions on this topic.
If you’re feeling lost in all the Raspberry Pi jargon, I’ve got something to help you out. I’ve created a free glossary that explains all the essential terms and abbreviations in a way that’s easy to understand. It’s a great resource to have by your side. Get your free copy here.
Want the best experience? Become a premium member for ad-free browsing, access exclusive content, and ask questions in our private forums. Your membership helps support the site!What Is the Latest Version of Raspberry Pi OS?Raspberry Pi OS is based on Debian and follows the same versions. Currently, the latest Raspberry Pi OS version available is Bookworm.
Debian distribution codenames are based on characters from the Toy Story movies. Raspberry Pi OS follows the same names and versions, while generally being a few months behind:
VersionCodenameDebian release dateRPI OS release date9StretchJune 2017August 201710BusterJuly 2019July 201911BullseyeAugust 2021November 202112BookwormJune 2023October 202313TrixieExpected in 2025–Currently, Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm is still the one that is put forward in Raspberry Pi Imager and on the website.
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In Raspberry Pi Imager, the codename is mentioned in the image description:
So, you’ll have to be careful when you pick your system version. The latest versions are at the top of the list, but it’s not intuitive when you have no idea what “Bookworm” or “Bullseye” means.
Now that you know this, let’s move forward to several other things to consider.
Differences Between Raspberry Pi OS, Lite, and FullRaspberry Pi OS has always been available in three versions:
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Join the Bootcamp! Desktop (default): Desktop environment included, with a few basic apps. If you want a graphical desktop but want to control which programs get installed.Full: Desktop environment with all the recommended apps.Get started directly, with everything pre-installed for you. The installed applications (desktop utilities, programming, entertainment, etc.) are validated by the Raspberry Pi Foundation and are available directly.Lite: No desktop environment, terminal only. Typically, for use in a server, a robot, or any project where a monitor is not required.It’s also recommended for older Raspberry Pi models.See also: Raspberry Pi OS Lite vs. Desktop: What’s the Difference?
In Raspberry Pi Imager, the default choices are all desktop versions:
Alternatively, if you wish to install either the Lite or Full versions, you’ll have to click Raspberry Pi OS (other):
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Then, you’ll see these versions labeled in the image title:
As you can see in the screenshot, there is also a big difference in the download size for each version. The Lite version is only 300 MB, while the Full version is 2.6 GB. Size might be something to consider too if you have a slow Internet connection.
You are making good progress! You now know the difference between Bookworm and Bullseye, and between the versions: Desktop, Full, and Lite. But there are still a few more things to clarify, so let’s keep going.
Should I Use Raspberry Pi OS 64-bit or 32-bit?A 64-bit operating system improves performance if the processor is compatible. Only more recent Raspberry Pi models can run a 64-bit version of Raspberry Pi OS.
In May 2020, the Raspberry Pi announced a new variant of the Raspberry Pi 4, with 8 GB RAM.At the same time, they announced the name change from Raspbian to Raspberry Pi OS and the release of an early beta for a 64-bit operating system for this new Raspberry Pi model.
Today, the 64-bit version of Raspberry Pi OS is also compatible with the Raspberry Pi 3, 3B+, 3A+, 4, 400, 5, and Zero 2W. Try it if your model is compatible, but if you are not using one of these newer boards, just forget about it and keep using the 32-bit edition.
The 32-bit edition is safely compatible with all models, new and old, so that’s why the Raspberry Pi Foundation lists this version first on its webpage. However, now that the 64-bit edition is stable, it’s become the first choice in Raspberry Pi Imager:
Also: Looking for a fun challenge? Start building your first Raspberry Pi robot!
I wrote a complete article on this topic, so if you want to learn more about the differences between Raspberry Pi OS 64-bit and 32-bit, I recommend clicking on the link to get the full story.
What Is Raspberry OS Legacy?The legacy version is the Bullseye equivalent of Raspberry Pi OS. It has been kept in the list of systems available because not all applications were compatible with Bookworm.
In the past, the Raspberry Pi Foundation removed all links to the old version, even if the new version wasn’t 100% ready for production. This created a lot of dissatisfaction in the community, forcing them to make a “Legacy” edition, which is still available today.
Most bugs have been fixed in the newest version of Raspberry Pi OS, although we’re still seeing some issues with graphical applications with the new Wayland display server. Keep in mind that it still requires significant effort to switch from one version to another, depending on which applications and Python scripts you’re using.
When installing a new system, you should only need Raspberry Pi Legacy (Bullseye) if you code in Python or use apps that haven’t been updated for a while. In most cases, the newest Raspberry Pi Bookworm should work just fine now.
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Join the Bootcamp! Learn Python Now! In Short, Which Version Should I Use?The safer choice, in terms of security and features, is to install Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm (64-bit). It works on most newer Raspberry Pi models (especially a Raspberry Pi 4 with 8 GB or Pi 5) and includes essential applications.
According to the Raspberry Pi Imager stats, most users have begun making the transition to Raspberry Pi OS (64-bit):
Also: No screen? No problem! Here's how to setup a Pi without one.
If you have an older model, such as the Pi 2 or older, then you can go with the 32-bit equivalent.
In terms of editions, the default desktop edition is a good fit for most. Use the Lite version only if you’re an advanced user who will use the Pi as a server. You can always install a Desktop environment later if needed.
And in my opinion, the Full version is rarely useful. It might come in handy, maybe, if you don’t have Internet on your Pi and want everything set up directly. In other cases, I doubt you’ll need everything, as it will just slow down your system.
Lastly, if you know that you’ll be installing applications that are not necessarily well-maintained or if you code a lot in Python, especially with camera modules and other sensors, then it might be safer to go with the older Raspberry Pi Legacy instead.
So, to sum up your options:
First-time users and most people ⇒ Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm (64-bit).No Internet on the Pi ⇒ Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm Full (64-bit).Advanced users without monitor ⇒ Raspberry Pi OS Bookworm Lite (64-bit).Users with an older model ⇒ 32-bit equivalent.Cautious users ⇒ Legacy equivalent.
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Master Linux Now! 🛠 This tutorial doesn't work anymore? Report the issue here, so that I can update it!Reminder: Remember that all the members of my community get access to this website without ads, exclusive courses and much more. You can become part of this community for as little as $5 per month & get all the benefits immediately.
You may also like:Easiest ways to find your Raspberry Pi IP addressWatch the Raspberry Pi Bootcamp (video course)17 best apps to get started with Raspberry Pi OSSet the date & time the right way on Raspberry PiBest tips to buy a Raspberry Pi (and mistakes to avoid)Is Raspbian the Same as Raspberry Pi OS?In May 2020, the Raspberry Pi Foundation renamed Raspbian to Raspberry Pi OS. For the end user, it’s basically the same thing. So, Raspberry Pi OS is the new name, and Raspbian should no longer be used.
It was a change that makes sense internally for their developers but not really for Raspberry Pi users. The goal was to make a distinction between the Raspbian project (which is an independent entity, with different releases) and the Raspberry Pi Foundation version of Raspbian.
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For us, it’s still the same operating system that has been upgraded since then and hosted on the official website directly. On your side, don’t over-complicate things: you can just consider Raspbian and Raspberry Pi OS as the same thing.
Whenever you’re ready, here are other ways I can help you:
The RaspberryTips Community: If you want to hang out with me and other Raspberry Pi fans, you can join the community. I share exclusive tutorials and behind-the-scenes content there. Premium members can also visit the website without ads.
Master your Raspberry Pi in 30 days: If you are looking for the best tips to become an expert on Raspberry Pi, this book is for you. Learn useful Linux skills and practice multiple projects with step-by-step guides.
The Raspberry Pi Bootcamp: Understand everything about the Raspberry Pi, stop searching for help all the time, and finally enjoy completing your projects.
Master Python on Raspberry Pi: Create, understand, and improve any Python script for your Raspberry Pi. Learn the essentials step-by-step without losing time understanding useless concepts.
You can also find all my recommendations for tools and hardware on this page.
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Also: I tried to replace my main PC with a Pi 5, here's what happened.
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