Without question marks, we’d miss out on all kinds of things: invitations, jokes, the Riddler . . .
No doubt, the question mark is a nice little piece of punctuation. And, best of all, it’s easy to use!
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Table of contentsWhat is a question mark (?)
When to use a question mark (?)
Question marks and quotation marks
Question marks and parentheses
Indirect questions
When a question mark isn’t enough
What is a question mark (?)The main purpose of a question mark, perhaps unsurprisingly, is to indicate that a sentence is a question. Direct questions often (but not always) begin with a wh- word (who, what, when, where, why).
Why did the chicken cross the road?
Who wants to know?
Is it really that important?
When to use a question mark (?)Not all questions are phrased as questions. Sometimes we phrase questions the same way we would phrase a declarative sentence. In speech, the way your voice rises at the end of the sentence usually makes it clear that you’re asking a question and not just making a statement. But in writing, you need a question mark to signal to readers that they should read the sentence as a question.
You came all this way to ask me about a chicken?
Cross the road? Never!
Phrasing a question as an imperative or declarative statement is an emphatic way to express surprise, doubt, or disbelief.
Question marks and quotation marksWhen your sentence is a straightforward question, the question mark goes at the very end and serves as the terminal punctuation mark. But things can get tricky when you have other punctuation nearby.
At first glance, the rules about question marks and quotation marks can seem complicated. But the logic is fairly simple. Keep the question mark inside the quotation marks if it logically applies to what is enclosed by the quotation marks. You’ll often see this in written dialogue:
The chicken asked, “Why is everyone so concerned about where I’m walking?”
“What do you have to hide?” asked the nosy reporter.
If the question mark applies to the sentence as a whole instead of to the phrase inside the quotation marks, put it at the very end:
Haven’t you ever heard the expression “It’s a free country”?
This holds true even when you have a quotation containing a question:
“When I spoke to the chicken, she said ‘Why won’t you leave me alone?’” recalled the reporter.
And for a quoted question containing a quoted statement:
“What did the chicken mean,” the reporter wondered, “when she said ‘It’s a free country’?”
When you have a question mark that applies to both the quoted phrase and the rest of the sentence, just use one question mark:
Who said “Why did the chicken cross the road?”
Question marks and parenthesesThe rules for question marks and parentheses are similar to the rules for question marks and quotation marks. If a question mark applies to the parenthetical information, place the question mark inside the parentheses:
I saw the chicken (or was it the rooster?) crossing the road.
The chicken wrote a bestselling memoir called My Road (published abroad as Who Needs a Crosswalk?).
When the question applies to the whole sentence, put it outside the parentheses:
Will the chicken cross the road again tomorrow (April 1)?
Indirect questionsThere is one type of question that never takes a question mark: the indirect question. Indirect questions are embedded within declarative statements:
The chicken asked whether anyone wanted to cross the road with her.
We all wondered why the chicken was so obsessed with that road.
Sometimes, with one-word questions, it’s hard to decide whether it’s a direct or indirect question. In most cases, it’s fine to treat it as an indirect question:
As the chicken contemplated crossing the road, she asked herself why.
When a question mark isn’t enoughAs useful as the question mark is, sometimes it’s tempting to embellish the end of your sentence with extra punctuation, especially when you’re trying to convey something really surprising and exciting.
Did you hear that the chicken crossed the road and found a million dollars on the other side???
Are you saying the chicken is a millionaire?!
Can you believe it‽
If you don’t recognize the symbol at the end of the last sentence, it’s called an interrobang, and it’s a combination of a question mark and an exclamation point. Interrobangs, multiple question marks, and combinations of question marks and exclamation points might be fine for casual writing, but in formal writing, it’s best to limit yourself to just a plain old question mark. Sometimes, you can make the choice easy with just a little rewriting:
Did you hear? The chicken found a million dollars on the other side of the road!
And that’s everything you need to know to go out and use the question mark. What are you waiting for?